{"id":11170,"date":"2024-04-14T03:07:02","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T02:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/?p=11170"},"modified":"2026-04-12T13:30:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T12:30:25","slug":"historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Hist\u00f3ria Tenerife: od Guan\u010dov po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17138\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife.webp\" alt=\"Hist\u00f3ria Tenerife: od Guan\u010dov po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Prep\u00ednanie tabu\u013eky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Prep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0000;color:#0a0000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0000;color:#0a0000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#A_2000-year_story_in_seven_chapters\" >Pr\u00edbeh star\u00fd 2000 rokov v siedmich kapitol\u00e1ch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#The_Guanches_Tenerifes_original_inhabitants\" >Guan\u010dovci: P\u00f4vodn\u00ed obyvatelia Tenerife<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#The_Spanish_conquest_1494_to_1496\" >\u0160panielske dobytie (1494 a\u017e 1496)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Colonial_Tenerife_16th_to_18th_century\" >Koloni\u00e1lne Tenerife (16. a\u017e 18. storo\u010die)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Nelsons_failed_invasion_1797\" >Nelsonova ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 inv\u00e1zia (1797)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#19th_and_20th_century_from_agriculture_to_tourism\" >19. a 20. storo\u010die: od po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva k cestovn\u00e9mu ruchu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Tenerife_today\" >Tenerife dnes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Where_to_see_Tenerifes_history\" >Kde vidie\u0165 hist\u00f3riu Tenerife<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Explore_Tenerife_with_CanaryVIP\" >Presk\u00famajte Tenerife s CanaryVIP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_2000-year_story_in_seven_chapters\"><\/span>Pr\u00edbeh star\u00fd 2000 rokov v siedmich kapitol\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hist\u00f3ria Tenerife siaha viac ako dvetis\u00edc rokov do minulosti, ne\u017e prv\u00fd turista vyst\u00fapil z lietadla. Ostrov bol domovom p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed \u017eili v izol\u00e1cii viac ako tis\u00edcro\u010die, v 15. storo\u010d\u00ed bojovali v jednej z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch odbojov\u00fdch kampan\u00ed proti \u0161panielskemu dobytiu a nesk\u00f4r sa stal k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou zast\u00e1vkou na atlantick\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch do Ameriky. Dokonca aj Horatio Nelson pri\u0161iel o prav\u00fa ruku, ke\u010f sa pok\u00fa\u0161al obsadi\u0165 Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p>Tento sprievodca sa zaober\u00e1 skuto\u010dnou hist\u00f3riou Tenerife v chronologickom porad\u00ed: Guan\u010dovia, \u0161panielske dobytie, koloni\u00e1lne obdobie, \u00fatoky pir\u00e1tov, ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 Nelsonova inv\u00e1zia a rozvoj cestovn\u00e9ho ruchu v 20. storo\u010d\u00ed. \u017diadna mytol\u00f3gia, \u017eiadna nejasn\u00e1 \u201cbohat\u00e1 kult\u00farna tapis\u00e9ria\u201d, len to, \u010do sa skuto\u010dne stalo a kde e\u0161te dnes m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 d\u00f4kazy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Guanches_Tenerifes_original_inhabitants\"><\/span>Guan\u010dovci: P\u00f4vodn\u00ed obyvatelia Tenerife<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17137\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory.webp\" alt=\"Guanches Tenerife Hist\u00f3ria\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Guan\u010dovia boli p\u00f4vodn\u00fdmi obyvate\u013emi Tenerife. P\u00f4vodne sa tento term\u00edn vz\u0165ahoval len na obyvate\u013eov Tenerife, hoci v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva pre domorod\u00e9 obyvate\u013estvo v\u0161etk\u00fdch siedmich Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa.<\/strong> Guan\u010dovia boli amazonsk\u00e9ho (berbersk\u00e9ho) p\u00f4vodu zo severnej Afriky. Ich jazyk (dnes u\u017e zaniknut\u00fd, ale fragmenty sa zachovali v n\u00e1zvoch miest a historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamoch) vykazuje zjavn\u00e9 podobnosti s berbersk\u00fdmi jazykmi. Genetick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie potvrdzuj\u00fa severoafrick\u00fd p\u00f4vod, pri\u010dom s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00ed obyvatelia Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov s\u00fa st\u00e1le nosite\u013emi 16 a\u017e 31% guan\u010dskej autozom\u00e1lnej DNA v z\u00e1vislosti od ostrova.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ke\u010f pri\u0161li.<\/strong> O datovan\u00ed sa diskutuje. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z jaskyne Guanches v Icod de los Vinos na z\u00e1klade anal\u00fdzy keramiky nazna\u010duj\u00fa os\u00eddlenie od 6. storo\u010dia pred n. l. V r\u00e1mci \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed starovekej DNA sa na\u0161li gen\u00f3my datovan\u00e9 pribli\u017ene do roku 1031 pred n. l. Pod\u013ea naj\u010dastej\u0161ieho odhadu sa sem dost\u00e1vali postupne v priebehu prv\u00e9ho tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred Kr. Ako sa im podarilo prekona\u0165 cestu zo severnej Afriky (pribli\u017ene 100 km) bez toho, aby zanechali ak\u00e9ko\u013evek d\u00f4kazy o lodiach alebo znalostiach navig\u00e1cie, zost\u00e1va jednou z ve\u013ek\u00fdch z\u00e1had archeol\u00f3gie Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako \u017eili.<\/strong> Guan\u010dovia \u017eili predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch jaskyniach a sope\u010dn\u00fdch r\u00farach, hoci sa na\u0161li aj povrchov\u00e9 osady so such\u00fdmi kamenn\u00fdmi stavbami. Ich hospod\u00e1rstvo bolo zalo\u017een\u00e9 na chove k\u00f4z a oviec, z\u00e1kladnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve (ja\u010dme\u0148, p\u0161enica, fazu\u013ea) a obmedzenom rybolove. Vyr\u00e1bali gofio (pra\u017een\u00fa obiln\u00fa m\u00faku, ktor\u00e1 sa dodnes konzumuje na Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovoch) a vyr\u00e1bali keramiku, kosten\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a oble\u010denie z koz\u00edch ko\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako bola organizovan\u00e1 ich spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<\/strong> Ke\u010f sem v roku 1494 pri\u0161li \u0160panieli, \u017eilo na Tenerife pribli\u017ene 15 000 a\u017e 30 000 Guan\u010dov, ktor\u00ed boli rozdelen\u00ed do deviatich menceyatos (kr\u00e1\u013eovstiev): Anaga, Tegueste, Tacoronte, Taoro, Icod, Daute, Adeje, Abona a Guimar. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z nich vl\u00e1dol mencey (pribli\u017ene ekvivalent kr\u00e1\u013ea). T\u00fdchto dev\u00e4\u0165 div\u00edzi\u00ed zhruba zodpoved\u00e1 oblastiam dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Tenerife, ktor\u00e9 st\u00e1le nes\u00fa tieto n\u00e1zvy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a pohreb.<\/strong> Guan\u010dovia uctievali Mageca (boha slnka) a Chaxiraxi (bohy\u0148u matku, ktor\u00e1 bola nesk\u00f4r synkretizovan\u00e1 s Pannou z Candel\u00e1rie, patr\u00f3nkou Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov). Hora Teide bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za s\u00eddlo zl\u00e9ho ducha Guayota. Praktizovali mumifik\u00e1ciu, ktorej techniky vedci prirovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa k technik\u00e1m starovek\u00e9ho Egypta. Na Tenerife sa na\u0161lo viac ako 200 m\u00fami\u00ed Guan\u010dov, pri\u010dom najbohat\u0161ia koncentr\u00e1cia je v Barranco de Herques.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Spanish_conquest_1494_to_1496\"><\/span>\u0160panielske dobytie (1494 a\u017e 1496)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17139\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip.webp\" alt=\"\u0160panielske dobytie - Hist\u00f3ria Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0160panielske dob\u00fdvanie Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov sa za\u010dalo v roku 1402, ale Tenerife sa udr\u017eal dlh\u0161ie ako ktor\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd ostrov. Prv\u00fd v\u00e1\u017eny pokus o dobytie Tenerife sa uskuto\u010dnil v roku 1464, viac ako 30 rokov pred jeho kone\u010dn\u00fdm p\u00e1dom.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 1494 sa Alonso Fernandez de Lugo (ktor\u00e9ho meno m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 na dopravn\u00fdch zna\u010dk\u00e1ch po celom ostrove) vylodil na pobre\u017e\u00ed ne\u010faleko dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Santa Cruz s viac ako 1 000 mu\u017emi, vr\u00e1tane kast\u00edlskych vojakov, Kana\u010fanov z u\u017e dobyt\u00fdch ostrovov a jazdeckej jednotky. \u0160tyri z deviatich guan\u010dsk\u00fdch mencey (Guimar, Adeje, Abona a Anaga) vyjednali s \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi mierov\u00e9 zmluvy. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 sa odmietlo podriadi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prv\u00e1 bitka pri Acentejo (31. m\u00e1ja 1494).<\/strong> Ke\u010f de Lugove jednotky postupovali do vn\u00fatrozemia smerom k Taoro (dne\u0161n\u00e9 Puerto de la Cruz a La Orotava), v rokline ich prepadli guan\u010dsk\u00ed bojovn\u00edci veden\u00ed Menceyom Bencomom a jeho nevlastn\u00fdm bratom Tinguarom. \u0160panieli boli zni\u010den\u00ed a stratili pribli\u017ene 80% svojich s\u00edl. Samotn\u00fd de Lugo bol zranen\u00fd a ledva sa mu podarilo unikn\u00fa\u0165. Miesto tejto bitky ozna\u010duje modern\u00e9 mesto La Matanza de Acentejo (\u201cPor\u00e1\u017eka Acentejo\u201d).<\/p>\n<p><strong>De Lugov n\u00e1vrat (1495).<\/strong> Po predaji svojich majetkov, aby mohol financova\u0165 nov\u00fa kampa\u0148, sa de Lugo vr\u00e1til s 1 000 veter\u00e1nmi granadskej vojny a jazdectvom. V novembri 1495 boli Guan\u010dovia porazen\u00ed v bitke pri Aguere (ne\u010faleko dne\u0161nej La Laguny). Bencomo bol zabit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Druh\u00e1 bitka pri Acentejo (25. decembra 1495).<\/strong> Guan\u010dovia, teraz veden\u00ed Bencomov\u00fdm synom Bentorom a oslaben\u00ed epid\u00e9miou (pravdepodobne kiah\u0148ami, ktor\u00e9 priniesli \u0160panieli), boli porazen\u00ed na tom istom mieste ako pri svojom predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom v\u00ed\u0165azstve. Po troch hodin\u00e1ch boja ich premohli \u0161panielske streln\u00e9 zbrane a jazda. Toto miesto ozna\u010duje modern\u00e9 mesto La Victoria de Acentejo (\u201cV\u00ed\u0165azstvo v Acentejo\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Dob\u00fdvanie sa form\u00e1lne skon\u010dilo 25. j\u00fala 1496 zmluvou z Los Realejos v \u00fadol\u00ed Orotava. Bentor sa \u00fadajne rad\u0161ej vrhol z \u00fatesu, ako by sa mal podriadi\u0165 \u0161panielskej nadvl\u00e1de. Mnoh\u00ed Guan\u010dovia boli zotro\u010den\u00ed napriek p\u00e1pe\u017esk\u00e9mu z\u00e1kazu obchodu s otrokmi s obyvate\u013emi Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov z roku 1434. V roku 1511 bol vydan\u00fd pr\u00edkaz na prepustenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch guan\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00e4z\u0148ov.<\/p>\n<p>V priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch gener\u00e1ci\u00ed sa jazyk, kult\u00fara a identita Guan\u010dov z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti za\u010dlenili do koloni\u00e1lneho \u0161panielskeho obyvate\u013estva. Ich genetick\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo v\u0161ak pretrv\u00e1va: s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00ed Tinerfe\u00f1ovia maj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u00f4vod v domorodom obyvate\u013estve.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colonial_Tenerife_16th_to_18th_century\"><\/span>Koloni\u00e1lne Tenerife (16. a\u017e 18. storo\u010die)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17136\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory.webp\" alt=\"\u0160panielske dobytie Tenerife Hist\u00f3ria\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Po dobyt\u00ed sa Tenerife r\u00fdchlo pretv\u00e1ralo. Prv\u00fdm hlavn\u00fdm mestom sa stalo San Cristobal de La Laguna, ktor\u00e9 bolo rozvrhnut\u00e9 pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nu, ktor\u00fd sa nesk\u00f4r stal vzorom pre \u0161panielske koloni\u00e1lne mest\u00e1 v Amerike. Historick\u00e9 centrum La Laguny je dnes \u010diasto\u010dne z tohto d\u00f4vodu zap\u00edsan\u00e9 na zozname svetov\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a obchod.<\/strong> \u0160panieli vykl\u010dovali ve\u013ek\u00e9 plochy p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch borovicov\u00fdch lesov a vysadili cukrov\u00fa trstinu. Ke\u010f sa ceny cukru prepadli, hospod\u00e1rstvo sa preorientovalo na v\u00fdrobu v\u00edna (najm\u00e4 sladkej malv\u00e1zie, ktor\u00e1 sa presl\u00e1vila v celej Eur\u00f3pe a spom\u00edna ju aj Shakespeare). Nesk\u00f4r pribudla ko\u0161enila (\u010derven\u00e9 farbivo vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 z hmyzu), tabak, paradajky a nakoniec ban\u00e1ny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dodnes hlavnou plodinou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Atlantick\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 cesty.<\/strong> Poloha Tenerife medzi Eur\u00f3pou, Afrikou a Amerikou z neho urobila d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa zast\u00e1vku. Kri\u0161tof Kolumbus sa na svojej prvej ceste do Ameriky v roku 1492 zastavil na susednej La Gomere. Magellan si Tenerife vybral za svoju zast\u00e1vku v roku 1519, ke\u010f sa vydal na cestu okolo sveta. Santa Cruz sa stal hlavn\u00fdm pr\u00edstavom sp\u00e1jaj\u00facim \u0160panielsko s jeho americk\u00fdmi kol\u00f3niami.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00datoky pir\u00e1tov.<\/strong> Tento strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam pri\u0165ahoval ne\u017eelan\u00fa pozornos\u0165. Od 16. storo\u010dia hliadkovali vo vod\u00e1ch medzi Azorsk\u00fdmi a Kan\u00e1rskymi ostrovmi pir\u00e1tske flotily, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00e1dali lode a prepad\u00e1vali pobre\u017en\u00e9 osady. V apr\u00edli 1657 anglick\u00fd admir\u00e1l Robert Blake napadol a zni\u010dil \u0161panielsku flotilu s pokladmi v Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Masov\u00e1 emigr\u00e1cia do Ameriky.<\/strong> Od 17. storo\u010dia sa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo Kan\u00e1r\u010danov vys\u0165ahovalo do \u0161panielskych kol\u00f3ni\u00ed, najm\u00e4 do Venezuely, na Kubu a do Portorika. Toto spojenie sa dodnes prejavuje spolo\u010dn\u00fdmi priezviskami, trad\u00edciami v stravovan\u00ed a charakteristick\u00fdm kan\u00e1rskym \u0161panielskym pr\u00edzvukom, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 bli\u017e\u0161ie ku karibskej \u0161paniel\u010dine ako ku kast\u00edl\u010dine na pevnine.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nelsons_failed_invasion_1797\"><\/span>Nelsonova ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 inv\u00e1zia (1797)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17135\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip.webp\" alt=\"Nelsonova ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 inv\u00e1zia: CanaryVIP Hist\u00f3ria Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>25. j\u00fala 1797 sa britsk\u00fd kontradmir\u00e1l Horatio Nelson s pribli\u017ene 900 mu\u017emi pok\u00fasil doby\u0165 Santa Cruz de Tenerife v n\u00e1deji, \u017ee sa zmocn\u00ed \u0161panielskej lode s pokladom a z\u00edska strategick\u00fa z\u00e1klad\u0148u v Atlantiku. \u00datok bol ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160panielske sily pod veden\u00edm gener\u00e1la Antonia Gutierreza boli pripraven\u00e9. \u00dazke uli\u010dky Santa Cruz boli pre obrancov priazniv\u00e9 a britsk\u00e9 v\u00fdsadky sa stretli s \u0165a\u017ekou delostreleckou a mu\u0161ketovou pa\u013ebou. Nelson osobne viedol jeden z v\u00fdsadkov, ale ke\u010f sa pok\u00fa\u0161al vylodi\u0165, bol zasiahnut\u00fd do pravej ruky strelou z gran\u00e1tu. Ruku mu museli v t\u00fa noc amputova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Briti boli n\u00faten\u00ed ust\u00fapi\u0165 so zna\u010dn\u00fdmi stratami. Gener\u00e1l Gutierrez ako sl\u00e1vne rytierske gesto poslal porazen\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m pred ich odchodom v\u00edno a chlieb. Nelsonovo delo El Tigre (delo, o ktorom sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee vystrelilo v\u00fdstrel, ktor\u00fd ho zranil) je st\u00e1le vystaven\u00e9 v Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p>Bola to jedna z m\u00e1la por\u00e1\u017eok v Nelsonovej kari\u00e9re a v Santa Cruz zost\u00e1va miestnou p\u00fdchou. T\u00e1to udalos\u0165 bola pre Nelsona zlomov\u00e1, preto\u017ee v bitke pri N\u00edle a Trafalgare zv\u00ed\u0165azil len s jednou rukou.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19th_and_20th_century_from_agriculture_to_tourism\"><\/span>19. a 20. storo\u010die: od po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva k cestovn\u00e9mu ruchu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17133\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife.webp\" alt=\"19. a 20. storo\u010die: od po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva k cestovn\u00e9mu ruchu\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V roku 1821 sa Santa Cruz stalo prv\u00fdm hlavn\u00fdm mestom celej provincie Kan\u00e1rske ostrovy. To sa nep\u00e1\u010dilo Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) a po viac ako storo\u010d\u00ed s\u00faperenia Madrid v roku 1927 rozdelil s\u00faostrovie na dve provincie: Santa Cruz de Tenerife (zah\u0155\u0148ala Tenerife, La Gomeru, La Palmu a El Hierro) a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (zah\u0155\u0148ala Gran Canariu, Lanzarote a Fuerteventuru). Toto rozdelenie pretrv\u00e1va dodnes a obe hlavn\u00e9 mest\u00e1 s\u00fa striedavo s\u00eddlami vl\u00e1dy Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ban\u00e1nov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo.<\/strong> Koncom 19. storo\u010dia sa na ostrove roz\u0161\u00edrilo pestovanie ban\u00e1nov, ktor\u00e9 zmenilo po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku krajinu Tenerife. Britsk\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti zalo\u017eili podniky na v\u00fdvoz ban\u00e1nov a charakteristick\u00e9 mal\u00e9 kan\u00e1rske ban\u00e1ny (odli\u0161n\u00e9 od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch odr\u00f4d pestovan\u00fdch v Strednej Amerike) sa stali hlavnou v\u00fdvoznou plodinou ostrova. Ban\u00e1nov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee dodnes pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 severn\u00e9ho pobre\u017eia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ran\u00fd cestovn\u00fd ruch.<\/strong> Tenerife za\u010dalo pri\u0165ahova\u0165 n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov koncom 19. storo\u010dia, spo\u010diatku bohat\u00fdch severoeur\u00f3panov, ktor\u00fdch pri\u0165ahovalo mierne podnebie zo zdravotn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov. Prv\u00fdm letoviskom sa stalo Puerto de la Cruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Masov\u00fd cestovn\u00fd ruch.<\/strong> Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 premena nastala v 60. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia, ke\u010f sa na juhu vybudovalo letisko Reina Sofia a na pobre\u017e\u00ed Playa de las Americas a Los Cristianos sa za\u010dali stava\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 hotely. V priebehu dvoch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed cestovn\u00fd ruch nahradil po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo ako hlavn\u00fa hospod\u00e1rsku \u010dinnos\u0165 ostrova. Dnes Tenerife nav\u0161t\u00edvi pribli\u017ene 6 mili\u00f3nov n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov ro\u010dne, \u010do z neho rob\u00ed najnav\u0161tevovanej\u0161\u00ed Kan\u00e1rsky ostrov.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenerife_today\"><\/span>Tenerife dnes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17134\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow.webp\" alt=\"Tenerife dnes: Hist\u00f3ria Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tenerife je auton\u00f3mne spolo\u010denstvo \u0160panielska s vlastnou ostrovnou vl\u00e1dou (Cabildo). Po\u010det obyvate\u013eov je pribli\u017ene 950 000, \u010do z neho rob\u00ed naj\u013eudnatej\u0161\u00ed ostrov Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov a naj\u013eudnatej\u0161\u00ed ostrov \u0160panielska. Hlavn\u00fdm mestom je Santa Cruz de Tenerife.<\/p>\n<p>\u00daradn\u00fdm jazykom je \u0161paniel\u010dina. Kan\u00e1rsky pr\u00edzvuk a slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba s\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 od kontinent\u00e1lnej \u0161paniel\u010diny, ovplyvnen\u00e9 portugal\u010dinou, jazykom Guan\u010dov a latinskoamerickou \u0161paniel\u010dinou (v d\u00f4sledku st\u00e1ro\u010d\u00ed emigr\u00e1cie a n\u00e1vratu).<\/p>\n<p>Hospod\u00e1rstvo je v preva\u017enej miere zalo\u017een\u00e9 na cestovnom ruchu, pri\u010dom slu\u017eby tvoria pribli\u017ene 75% HDP. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu zvy\u0161ku tvor\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo (ban\u00e1ny, paradajky, zemiaky, v\u00edno) a stavebn\u00edctvo. Ostrov je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou E\u00da, ale m\u00e1 osobitn\u00fa hospod\u00e1rsku z\u00f3nu s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi da\u0148ami ako kontinent\u00e1lne \u0160panielsko (IGIC namiesto IVA, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti 7%).<\/p>\n<p>Dedi\u010dstvo Guan\u010dov je st\u00e1le vidite\u013en\u00e9 v n\u00e1zvoch miest (Tacoronte, Tegueste, Adeje, Guimar, Icod, Anaga), v gofio (ktor\u00e9 mnoh\u00ed Kan\u00e1r\u010dania st\u00e1le jedia denne), v lucha canaria (kan\u00e1rsky z\u00e1pas, tradi\u010dn\u00fd \u0161port) a v pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facej \u00facte k Virgen de Candelaria, patr\u00f3nke Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov, ktorej p\u00f4vod siaha k guan\u010dskej bohyni Chaxiraxi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_see_Tenerifes_history\"><\/span>Kde vidie\u0165 hist\u00f3riu Tenerife<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Museo de Naturaleza y Arqueologia (MUNA).<\/strong> V Santa Cruz. Hlavn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 m\u00fazeum na Tenerife. Nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa tu m\u00famie Guan\u010dov, n\u00e1stroje, keramika a rozsiahle expon\u00e1ty o pred\u0161panielskej kult\u00fare Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historick\u00e9 centrum La Laguna.<\/strong> Lokalita svetov\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva UNESCO. Sie\u0165ov\u00e9 usporiadanie, ktor\u00e9 sa stalo vzorom pre \u0161panielske koloni\u00e1lne mest\u00e1. Pozrite si na\u0161e <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/exploring-la-laguna-tenerife\/\"><strong>Sprievodca La Laguna<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Piramides de Guimar.<\/strong> \u0160es\u0165 stup\u0148ovit\u00fdch pyram\u00edd v Guimare s m\u00fazeom, ktor\u00e9 sk\u00fama ich mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00favislosti s predhisp\u00e1nskymi kult\u00farami. Miesto sk\u00famal n\u00f3rsky b\u00e1date\u013e Thor Heyerdahl.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Castillo de San Cristobal.<\/strong> Zvy\u0161ky pevnosti v Santa Cruz, kde sa \u0160panieli br\u00e1nili pred Nelsonov\u00fdm \u00fatokom. V bl\u00edzkosti je vystaven\u00e9 delo El Tigre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cueva de los Guanches.<\/strong> V Icod de los Vinos, jednom z najstar\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u00edsk na ostrove, s dokladmi o os\u00eddlen\u00ed zo 6. storo\u010dia pred n. l.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La Matanza a La Victoria de Acentejo.<\/strong> Dve mest\u00e1, ktor\u00fdch n\u00e1zvy doslova zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa dve bitky po\u010das \u0161panielskeho dob\u00fdvania: \u201cPor\u00e1\u017eka\u201d a \u201cV\u00ed\u0165azstvo\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Explore_Tenerife_with_CanaryVIP\"><\/span>Presk\u00famajte Tenerife s CanaryVIP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pozrie\u0165 si historick\u00fd sever Tenerife (La Laguna, La Orotava, Icod de los Vinos, Garachico), <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/tenerife\/guided-tours\/bus-tours\/\"><strong>Autobusov\u00e9 prehliadky so sprievodcom CanaryVIP<\/strong><\/a> zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 tieto zast\u00e1vky s vyzdvihnut\u00edm v hoteli z juhu. Vulkanick\u00fa krajinu, ktor\u00e1 formovala hist\u00f3riu ostrova, n\u00e1jdete na str\u00e1nke <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/shop\/teide-guided-bus-tour\/\"><strong>Prehliadka Teide so sprievodcom<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/tenerife\/\">Prezrite si v\u0161etky v\u00fdlety na Tenerife<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 2,000-year story in seven chapters Tenerife has a history that goes back more than two thousand years before the first tourist stepped off a plane. The island was home to an indigenous people who lived in isolation for over a millennium, fought one of the fiercest resistance campaigns against Spanish conquest in the 15th&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-and-history"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11170"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17142,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170\/revisions\/17142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}