{"id":11170,"date":"2024-04-14T03:07:02","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T02:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/?p=11170"},"modified":"2026-04-12T13:30:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T12:30:25","slug":"historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria insulei Tenerife: de la Guanches p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17138\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife.webp\" alt=\"Istoria insulei Tenerife: de la Guanches p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Cuprins<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Comuta\u021bi tabelul de con\u021binut\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0000;color:#0a0000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0000;color:#0a0000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#A_2000-year_story_in_seven_chapters\" >O poveste de 2.000 de ani \u00een \u0219apte capitole<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#The_Guanches_Tenerifes_original_inhabitants\" >Guanches: Locuitorii originari din Tenerife<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#The_Spanish_conquest_1494_to_1496\" >Cucerirea spaniol\u0103 (1494 - 1496)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Colonial_Tenerife_16th_to_18th_century\" >Tenerife colonial\u0103 (secolele XVI-XVIII)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Nelsons_failed_invasion_1797\" >Invazia e\u0219uat\u0103 a lui Nelson (1797)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#19th_and_20th_century_from_agriculture_to_tourism\" >Secolele XIX \u0219i XX: de la agricultur\u0103 la turism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Tenerife_today\" >Tenerife ast\u0103zi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Where_to_see_Tenerifes_history\" >Unde s\u0103 vezi istoria insulei Tenerife<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Explore_Tenerife_with_CanaryVIP\" >Explora\u021bi Tenerife cu CanaryVIP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_2000-year_story_in_seven_chapters\"><\/span>O poveste de 2.000 de ani \u00een \u0219apte capitole<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tenerife are o istorie care dateaz\u0103 de mai bine de dou\u0103 mii de ani, \u00eenainte ca primul turist s\u0103 coboare din avion. Insula a fost c\u0103minul unui popor indigen care a tr\u0103it izolat timp de peste un mileniu, a dus una dintre cele mai aprige campanii de rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u00eempotriva cuceririi spaniole \u00een secolul al XV-lea, iar mai t\u00e2rziu a devenit o oprire cheie pe rutele comerciale din Atlantic c\u0103tre Americi. Chiar \u0219i Horatio Nelson \u0219i-a pierdut bra\u021bul drept \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 invadeze Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p>Acest ghid acoper\u0103 istoria real\u0103 a insulei Tenerife \u00een ordine cronologic\u0103: Guanches, cucerirea spaniol\u0103, perioada colonial\u0103, atacurile pira\u021bilor, invazia e\u0219uat\u0103 a lui Nelson \u0219i dezvoltarea turismului \u00een secolul XX. F\u0103r\u0103 mitologie, f\u0103r\u0103 vagi \u201ctapiserii bogate de cultur\u0103\u201d, doar ceea ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu adev\u0103rat \u0219i unde pute\u021bi vedea dovezile \u0219i ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Guanches_Tenerifes_original_inhabitants\"><\/span>Guanches: Locuitorii originari din Tenerife<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17137\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory.webp\" alt=\"Guanches Tenerife Istorie\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Guanches au fost popula\u021bia indigen\u0103 din Tenerife. Termenul se referea ini\u021bial doar la locuitorii din Tenerife, de\u0219i \u00een prezent este utilizat \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit pentru popula\u021biile aborigene din toate cele \u0219apte insule Canare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>De unde au venit.<\/strong> Guanches erau de origine amazigh (berber\u0103), din Africa de Nord. Limba lor (\u00een prezent disp\u0103rut\u0103, dar fragmente supravie\u021buiesc \u00een denumirile de locuri \u0219i \u00een documentele istorice) prezint\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103ri evidente cu limbile berbere. Studiile genetice confirm\u0103 ascenden\u021ba nord-african\u0103, locuitorii moderni ai Insulelor Canare av\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eentre 16 \u0219i 31% ADN autosomal guanche, \u00een func\u021bie de insul\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2nd au sosit.<\/strong> Datarea este dezb\u0103tut\u0103. Dovezile arheologice din Pe\u0219tera Guanches din Icod de los Vinos sugereaz\u0103 o locuire din secolul al VI-lea \u00ee.Hr. pe baza analizei ceramicii. Studiile ADN antice au g\u0103sit genomuri care dateaz\u0103 din jurul anului 1031 \u00ee.Hr. Cea mai comun\u0103 estimare este c\u0103 au sosit \u00een etape \u00een timpul primului mileniu \u00ee.Hr. Cum au reu\u0219it s\u0103 traverseze din Africa de Nord (aproximativ 100 km) f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 lase nicio urm\u0103 de b\u0103rci sau cuno\u0219tin\u021be de naviga\u021bie r\u0103m\u00e2ne unul dintre marile mistere ale arheologiei Insulelor Canare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cum au tr\u0103it.<\/strong> Guanches tr\u0103iau \u00een principal \u00een pe\u0219teri naturale \u0219i tuburi vulcanice, de\u0219i au fost descoperite unele a\u0219ez\u0103ri de suprafa\u021b\u0103 cu structuri din piatr\u0103 uscat\u0103. Economia lor se baza pe p\u0103storitul caprelor \u0219i oilor, agricultura de baz\u0103 (orz, gr\u00e2u, fasole) \u0219i pescuitul limitat. Ei produceau gofio (o f\u0103in\u0103 de cereale pr\u0103jit\u0103 care se consum\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi \u00een Insulele Canare) \u0219i ceramic\u0103, unelte din os \u0219i \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte din piei de capr\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cum era organizat\u0103 societatea lor.<\/strong> La sosirea spaniolilor \u00een 1494, se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentre 15 000 \u0219i 30 000 de Guanches tr\u0103iau \u00een Tenerife, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een nou\u0103 menceyatos (regate): Anaga, Tegueste, Tacoronte, Taoro, Icod, Daute, Adeje, Abona \u0219i Guimar. Fiecare era condus de un mencey (echivalentul aproximativ al unui rege). Cele nou\u0103 diviziuni corespund aproximativ zonelor din Tenerife modern\u0103 care \u00eenc\u0103 poart\u0103 aceste nume.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Religie \u0219i \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare.<\/strong> Guanches se \u00eenchinau lui Magec (zeul soarelui) \u0219i Chaxiraxi (o zei\u021b\u0103 mam\u0103 care mai t\u00e2rziu s-a sincretizat cu Fecioara din Candelaria, sf\u00e2nta protectoare a Insulelor Canare). Muntele Teide era considerat locuin\u021ba lui Guayota, un spirit malefic. Ei practicau mumificarea, cu tehnici pe care cercet\u0103torii le-au comparat cu cele din Egiptul antic. Peste 200 de mumii Guanche au fost descoperite \u00een Tenerife, cea mai bogat\u0103 concentra\u021bie afl\u00e2ndu-se \u00een Barranco de Herques.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Spanish_conquest_1494_to_1496\"><\/span>Cucerirea spaniol\u0103 (1494 - 1496)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17139\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip.webp\" alt=\"Cucerirea spaniol\u0103 - Istoria Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cucerirea spaniol\u0103 a Insulelor Canare a \u00eenceput \u00een 1402, dar Tenerife a rezistat mai mult dec\u00e2t oricare alt\u0103 insul\u0103. Prima \u00eencercare serioas\u0103 de a cuceri Tenerife a avut loc \u00een 1464, cu mai mult de 30 de ani \u00eenainte ca aceasta s\u0103 cad\u0103 definitiv.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1494, Alonso Fernandez de Lugo (al c\u0103rui nume \u00eel ve\u021bi vedea pe indicatoarele stradale de pe \u00eentreaga insul\u0103) a debarcat pe coasta din apropierea actualei Santa Cruz cu o for\u021b\u0103 de peste 1 000 de oameni, inclusiv solda\u021bi castilieni, canari din insulele deja cucerite \u0219i o unitate de cavalerie. Patru dintre cele nou\u0103 menceys guanche (Guimar, Adeje, Abona \u0219i Anaga) au negociat tratate de pace cu invadatorii. Celelalte cinci au refuzat s\u0103 se supun\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prima b\u0103t\u0103lie de la Acentejo (31 mai 1494).<\/strong> \u00cen timp ce for\u021bele lui de Lugo \u00eenaintau \u00een interior spre Taoro (actualele Puerto de la Cruz \u0219i La Orotava), au fost prinse \u00eentr-o ambuscad\u0103 \u00eentr-o r\u00e2p\u0103 de r\u0103zboinicii guan\u0219i condu\u0219i de Mencey Bencomo \u0219i fratele s\u0103u vitreg Tinguaro. Spaniolii au fost devasta\u021bi, pierz\u00e2nd aproximativ 80% din for\u021bele lor. De Lugo \u00eensu\u0219i a fost r\u0103nit \u0219i a sc\u0103pat cu greu. Ora\u0219ul modern La Matanza de Acentejo (\u201cM\u0103celul din Acentejo\u201d) marcheaz\u0103 locul acestei b\u0103t\u0103lii.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00centoarcerea lui De Lugo (1495).<\/strong> Dup\u0103 ce \u0219i-a v\u00e2ndut propriet\u0103\u021bile pentru a finan\u021ba o nou\u0103 campanie, de Lugo s-a \u00eentors cu 1.000 de veterani ai R\u0103zboiului din Granada plus cavalerie. \u00cen noiembrie 1495, Guanches au fost \u00eenfr\u00e2n\u021bi \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Aguere (l\u00e2ng\u0103 La Laguna de ast\u0103zi). Bencomo a fost ucis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A doua b\u0103t\u0103lie de la Acentejo (25 decembrie 1495).<\/strong> Guanches, condu\u0219i acum de fiul lui Bencomo, Bentor, \u0219i sl\u0103bi\u021bi de o epidemie (probabil variol\u0103 adus\u0103 de spanioli), au fost \u00eenfr\u00e2n\u021bi aproape de acela\u0219i loc ca \u0219i victoria lor anterioar\u0103. Dup\u0103 trei ore de lupt\u0103, armele de foc \u0219i cavaleria spaniol\u0103 i-au cople\u0219it. Ora\u0219ul modern La Victoria de Acentejo (\u201cVictoria din Acentejo\u201d) marcheaz\u0103 acest loc.<\/p>\n<p>Cucerirea s-a \u00eencheiat oficial la 25 iulie 1496 prin Tratatul de la Los Realejos din Valea Orotava. Se spune c\u0103 Bentor s-a aruncat de pe o st\u00e2nc\u0103 \u00een loc s\u0103 se supun\u0103 domina\u021biei spaniole. Mul\u021bi Guanches au fost \u00eenrobi\u021bi, \u00een ciuda unei interdic\u021bii papale privind comer\u021bul cu sclavi cu locuitorii Insulelor Canare, care dateaz\u0103 din 1434. \u00cen 1511, a fost emis un ordin de eliberare a tuturor prizonierilor guanches.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen c\u00e2teva genera\u021bii, limba, cultura \u0219i identitatea guanche au fost \u00een mare parte absorbite de popula\u021bia colonial\u0103 spaniol\u0103. Dar mo\u0219tenirea lor genetic\u0103 persist\u0103: Tinerfe\u00f1os moderni au o ascenden\u021b\u0103 indigen\u0103 semnificativ\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colonial_Tenerife_16th_to_18th_century\"><\/span>Tenerife colonial\u0103 (secolele XVI-XVIII)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17136\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory.webp\" alt=\"Cucerirea spaniol\u0103 Tenerife Istorie\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cucerire, Tenerife a fost remodelat\u0103 rapid. San Cristobal de La Laguna a devenit prima capital\u0103 \u0219i a fost amenajat\u0103 folosind un plan gril\u0103 care a devenit ulterior modelul ora\u0219elor coloniale spaniole din America. Centrul istoric din La Laguna este acum un sit al patrimoniului mondial UNESCO, \u00een parte din acest motiv.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agricultur\u0103 \u0219i comer\u021b.<\/strong> Spaniolii au defri\u0219at mari suprafe\u021be de p\u0103dure de pini indigeni \u0219i au plantat trestie de zah\u0103r. C\u00e2nd pre\u021burile la zah\u0103r s-au pr\u0103bu\u0219it, economia s-a orientat c\u0103tre vin (\u00een special Malvasia dulce, care a devenit faimos \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103 \u0219i a fost men\u021bionat de Shakespeare). Mai t\u00e2rziu au ap\u0103rut cochineala (un colorant ro\u0219u produs de insecte), tutunul, ro\u0219iile \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, bananele, care r\u0103m\u00e2n \u0219i ast\u0103zi o cultur\u0103 important\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>rutele comerciale atlantice.<\/strong> Pozi\u021bia insulei Tenerife \u00eentre Europa, Africa \u0219i Americi a f\u0103cut din ea un punct de oprire vital. Cristofor Columb s-a oprit \u00een La Gomera \u00een 1492, \u00een prima sa c\u0103l\u0103torie spre Americi. Magellan a ales Tenerife pentru popasul s\u0103u \u00een 1519, c\u00e2nd a pornit \u00een circumnavigarea globului. Santa Cruz a devenit un port important care leag\u0103 Spania de coloniile sale americane.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Atacuri ale pira\u021bilor.<\/strong> Aceast\u0103 importan\u021b\u0103 strategic\u0103 a atras o aten\u021bie nedorit\u0103. Flotilele de pira\u021bi au patrulat apele dintre Azore \u0219i Insulele Canare \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XVI-lea, atac\u00e2nd nave \u0219i f\u0103c\u00e2nd raiduri \u00een a\u0219ez\u0103rile de coast\u0103. \u00cen aprilie 1657, amiralul englez Robert Blake a atacat \u0219i distrus o flot\u0103 spaniol\u0103 de comori la Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Emigrarea \u00een mas\u0103 \u00een America.<\/strong> \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XVII-lea, un num\u0103r mare de canari au emigrat \u00een coloniile spaniole, \u00een special \u00een Venezuela, Cuba \u0219i Puerto Rico. Aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 este vizibil\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi \u00een numele de familie comune, \u00een tradi\u021biile alimentare \u0219i \u00een accentul spaniol canarian distinctiv, care sun\u0103 mai aproape de spaniola din Caraibe dec\u00e2t de castiliana continental\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nelsons_failed_invasion_1797\"><\/span>Invazia e\u0219uat\u0103 a lui Nelson (1797)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17135\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip.webp\" alt=\"Invazia e\u0219uat\u0103 a lui Nelson: CanaryVIP Istoria Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>La 25 iulie 1797, contraamiralul britanic Horatio Nelson a \u00eencercat s\u0103 captureze Santa Cruz de Tenerife cu o for\u021b\u0103 de aproximativ 900 de oameni, sper\u00e2nd s\u0103 captureze un vas spaniol cu comori \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 o baz\u0103 strategic\u0103 \u00een Atlantic. Atacul a e\u0219uat grav.<\/p>\n<p>For\u021bele spaniole sub comanda generalului Antonio Gutierrez au fost preg\u0103tite. Str\u0103zile \u00eenguste din Santa Cruz i-au favorizat pe ap\u0103r\u0103tori, iar partidele de debarcare britanice au fost \u00eent\u00e2mpinate cu focuri puternice de artilerie \u0219i muschete. Nelson a condus personal unul dintre grupurile de debarcare, dar a fost lovit \u00een bra\u021bul drept de un glon\u021b \u00een timp ce \u00eencerca s\u0103 debarce. Bra\u021bul s\u0103u a trebuit s\u0103 fie amputat \u00een acea noapte.<\/p>\n<p>Britanicii au fost nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 se retrag\u0103 cu pierderi semnificative. \u00centr-un celebru gest de cavalerism, generalul Gutierrez a trimis vin \u0219i p\u00e2ine for\u021belor britanice \u00eenvinse \u00eenainte ca acestea s\u0103 plece. Tunul lui Nelson, El Tigre (tunul despre care se crede c\u0103 a tras lovitura care l-a r\u0103nit), este \u00eenc\u0103 expus \u00een Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta a fost una dintre pu\u021binele \u00eenfr\u00e2ngeri din cariera lui Nelson \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne un motiv de m\u00e2ndrie local\u0103 \u00een Santa Cruz. Evenimentul a fost, de asemenea, un punct de cotitur\u0103 pentru Nelson, care a continuat s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige B\u0103t\u0103lia de pe Nil \u0219i Trafalgar cu un singur bra\u021b.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19th_and_20th_century_from_agriculture_to_tourism\"><\/span>Secolele XIX \u0219i XX: de la agricultur\u0103 la turism<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17133\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife.webp\" alt=\"Secolele XIX \u0219i XX: de la agricultur\u0103 la turism\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1821, Santa Cruz a devenit prima capital\u0103 a \u00eentregii provincii a Insulelor Canare. Acest lucru a nemul\u021bumit Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) \u0219i, dup\u0103 peste un secol de rivalitate, Madridul a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit arhipelagul \u00een dou\u0103 provincii \u00een 1927: Santa Cruz de Tenerife (care acoper\u0103 Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma \u0219i El Hierro) \u0219i Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (care acoper\u0103 Gran Canaria, Lanzarote \u0219i Fuerteventura). Aceast\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bire persist\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi, cele dou\u0103 capitale altern\u00e2nd ca sediu al guvernului Insulelor Canare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Economia bananelor.<\/strong> La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea a luat amploare cultivarea bananelor, care a transformat peisajul agricol din Tenerife. Companiile comerciale britanice au \u00eenfiin\u021bat afaceri de export de banane, iar banana mic\u0103 din Insulele Canare (diferit\u0103 de soiurile mai mari cultivate \u00een America Central\u0103) a devenit principala cultur\u0103 de export a insulei. Planta\u021biile de banane acoper\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o mare parte din coasta de nord.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Turismul timpuriu.<\/strong> Tenerife a \u00eenceput s\u0103 atrag\u0103 vizitatori la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea, ini\u021bial europeni nordici boga\u021bi, atra\u0219i de clima bl\u00e2nd\u0103 din motive de s\u0103n\u0103tate. Puerto de la Cruz a devenit prima zon\u0103 turistic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Turismul de mas\u0103.<\/strong> Adev\u0103rata transformare a avut loc \u00een anii 1960, odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea Aeroportului Reina Sofia \u00een sud \u0219i construc\u021bia de mari complexuri hoteliere de-a lungul coastei Playa de las Americas \u0219i Los Cristianos. \u00cen dou\u0103 decenii, turismul a \u00eenlocuit agricultura ca principal\u0103 activitate economic\u0103 a insulei. Ast\u0103zi, Tenerife prime\u0219te aproximativ 6 milioane de vizitatori pe an, fiind cea mai vizitat\u0103 insul\u0103 din Insulele Canare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenerife_today\"><\/span>Tenerife ast\u0103zi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17134\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow.webp\" alt=\"Tenerife ast\u0103zi: Istoria insulei Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tenerife este o comunitate autonom\u0103 a Spaniei cu propriul guvern insular (Cabildo). Popula\u021bia este de aproximativ 950 000 de persoane, ceea ce o face cea mai populat\u0103 insul\u0103 din Insulele Canare \u0219i cea mai populat\u0103 insul\u0103 din Spania. Capitala este Santa Cruz de Tenerife.<\/p>\n<p>Spaniola este limba oficial\u0103. Accentul \u0219i vocabularul canarian sunt diferite de cele ale spaniolei continentale, influen\u021bate de portughez\u0103, limba guanche \u0219i spaniola latino-american\u0103 (datorit\u0103 secolelor de emigrare \u0219i \u00eentoarcere).<\/p>\n<p>Economia se bazeaz\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte pe turism, serviciile reprezent\u00e2nd aproximativ 75% din PIB. Agricultura (banane, ro\u0219ii, cartofi, vin) \u0219i construc\u021biile reprezint\u0103 cea mai mare parte a restului. Insula face parte din UE, dar are o zon\u0103 economic\u0103 special\u0103 cu impozite mai mici dec\u00e2t Spania continental\u0103 (IGIC \u00een loc de IVA, \u00een prezent la 7%).<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u0219tenirea guan\u0219ilor este \u00eenc\u0103 vizibil\u0103 \u00een toponime (Tacoronte, Tegueste, Adeje, Guimar, Icod, Anaga), \u00een gofio (m\u00e2ncat zilnic de mul\u021bi canari), \u00een lucha canaria (luptele canare, un sport tradi\u021bional) \u0219i \u00een venera\u021bia continu\u0103 pentru Virgen de Candelaria, sf\u00e2nta protectoare a Insulelor Canare, ale c\u0103rei origini se trag \u00eenapoi la zei\u021ba guan\u0219\u0103 Chaxiraxi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_see_Tenerifes_history\"><\/span>Unde s\u0103 vezi istoria insulei Tenerife<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Museo de Naturaleza y Arqueologia (MUNA).<\/strong> \u00cen Santa Cruz. Principalul muzeu arheologic din Tenerife. G\u0103zduie\u0219te mumii guanche, unelte, ceramic\u0103 \u0219i expozi\u021bii ample despre cultura prehispanic\u0103 din Insulele Canare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Centrul istoric La Laguna.<\/strong> Situl Patrimoniului Mondial UNESCO. Dispunerea \u00een re\u021bea care a devenit modelul pentru ora\u0219ele coloniale spaniole. Vede\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/exploring-la-laguna-tenerife\/\"><strong>La Laguna ghid<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Piramides de Guimar.<\/strong> Piramide cu \u0219ase trepte \u00een Guimar, cu un muzeu care exploreaz\u0103 posibilele lor leg\u0103turi cu culturile prehispanice. Situl a fost cercetat de exploratorul norvegian Thor Heyerdahl.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Castillo de San Cristobal.<\/strong> R\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele fort\u0103re\u021bei din Santa Cruz, unde spaniolii s-au ap\u0103rat \u00eempotriva atacului lui Nelson. Tunul El Tigre este expus \u00een apropiere.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cueva de los Guanches.<\/strong> \u00cen Icod de los Vinos, unul dintre cele mai vechi situri arheologice de pe insul\u0103, cu dovezi de locuire din secolul al VI-lea \u00ee.Hr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La Matanza \u0219i La Victoria de Acentejo.<\/strong> Dou\u0103 ora\u0219e ale c\u0103ror nume consemneaz\u0103 literalmente cele dou\u0103 b\u0103t\u0103lii ale cuceririi spaniole: \u201cM\u0103celul\u201d \u0219i \u201cVictoria\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Explore_Tenerife_with_CanaryVIP\"><\/span>Explora\u021bi Tenerife cu CanaryVIP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pentru a vedea nordul istoric al insulei Tenerife (La Laguna, La Orotava, Icod de los Vinos, Garachico), <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/tenerife\/guided-tours\/bus-tours\/\"><strong>Tururi ghidate cu autobuzul CanaryVIP<\/strong><\/a> include\u021bi aceste opriri cu preluare de la hotel din sud. Pentru peisajele vulcanice care au modelat istoria insulei, consulta\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/shop\/teide-guided-bus-tour\/\"><strong>Tur ghidat Teide<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/tenerife\/\">R\u0103sfoie\u0219te toate excursiile din Tenerife<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 2,000-year story in seven chapters Tenerife has a history that goes back more than two thousand years before the first tourist stepped off a plane. The island was home to an indigenous people who lived in isolation for over a millennium, fought one of the fiercest resistance campaigns against Spanish conquest in the 15th&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-and-history"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11170"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17142,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170\/revisions\/17142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}