{"id":11170,"date":"2024-04-14T03:07:02","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T02:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/?p=11170"},"modified":"2026-04-12T13:30:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T12:30:25","slug":"historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie Tenerife: od Guan\u010d\u016f po sou\u010dasnost"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17138\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife.webp\" alt=\"Historie Tenerife: od Guan\u010d\u016f po sou\u010dasnost\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/historytenerife-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"P\u0159epnut\u00ed tabulky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0000;color:#0a0000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0000;color:#0a0000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#A_2000-year_story_in_seven_chapters\" >Dvoutis\u00edcilet\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh v sedmi kapitol\u00e1ch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#The_Guanches_Tenerifes_original_inhabitants\" >Guan\u010dov\u00e9: P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Tenerife<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#The_Spanish_conquest_1494_to_1496\" >\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed (1494 a\u017e 1496)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Colonial_Tenerife_16th_to_18th_century\" >Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed Tenerife (16. a\u017e 18. stolet\u00ed)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Nelsons_failed_invasion_1797\" >Nelsonova ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 invaze (1797)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#19th_and_20th_century_from_agriculture_to_tourism\" >19. a 20. stolet\u00ed: od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed k cestovn\u00edmu ruchu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Tenerife_today\" >Tenerife dnes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Where_to_see_Tenerifes_history\" >Kde se sezn\u00e1mit s histori\u00ed Tenerife<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/historic-tenerife-exploring-the-islands-rich-past\/#Explore_Tenerife_with_CanaryVIP\" >Prozkoumejte Tenerife s CanaryVIP<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_2000-year_story_in_seven_chapters\"><\/span>Dvoutis\u00edcilet\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh v sedmi kapitol\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Historie Tenerife sah\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce let do minulosti, ne\u017e zde vystoupil prvn\u00ed turista z letadla. Ostrov byl domovem p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v izolaci v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc let, v 15. stolet\u00ed vedli jedno z nejzu\u0159iv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ta\u017een\u00ed odporu proti \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9mu dobyt\u00ed a pozd\u011bji se stal kl\u00ed\u010dovou zast\u00e1vkou na atlantick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch do Ameriky. Dokonce i Horatio Nelson p\u0159i\u0161el o pravou ruku p\u0159i pokusu o obsazen\u00ed Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p>Tento pr\u016fvodce se v\u011bnuje skute\u010dn\u00e9 historii Tenerife v chronologick\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed: Guan\u010dov\u00e9, \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed obdob\u00ed, pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 \u00fatoky, ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 Nelsonova invaze a rozvoj cestovn\u00edho ruchu ve 20. stolet\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 mytologie, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 mlhav\u00e1 \u201cbohat\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed tapiserie\u201d, jen to, co se skute\u010dn\u011b stalo a kde m\u016f\u017eete je\u0161t\u011b dnes vid\u011bt d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Guanches_Tenerifes_original_inhabitants\"><\/span>Guan\u010dov\u00e9: P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Tenerife<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17137\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory.webp\" alt=\"Guanches Tenerife Historie\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/guanchestenerifehistory-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Guan\u010dov\u00e9 byli p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Tenerife. P\u016fvodn\u011b se tento term\u00edn vztahoval pouze na obyvatele Tenerife, i kdy\u017e dnes se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro domorod\u00e9 obyvatelstvo v\u0161ech sedmi Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Odkud poch\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/strong> Guan\u010dov\u00e9 poch\u00e1zeli z amazonsk\u00fdch (berbersk\u00fdch) kmen\u016f ze severn\u00ed Afriky. Jejich jazyk (dnes ji\u017e zanikl\u00fd, ale jeho fragmenty se dochovaly v m\u00edstn\u00edch n\u00e1zvech a historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech) vykazuje z\u0159eteln\u00e9 podobnosti s berbersk\u00fdmi jazyky. Genetick\u00e9 studie potvrzuj\u00ed severoafrick\u00fd p\u016fvod, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f jsou st\u00e1le nositeli 16 a\u017e 31% guan\u010dsk\u00e9 autozom\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA v z\u00e1vislosti na ostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kdy\u017e dorazili.<\/strong> O datov\u00e1n\u00ed se vedou diskuse. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z jeskyn\u011b Guanches v Icod de los Vinos nazna\u010duj\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00ed od 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy keramiky. Studie starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA nalezly genomy datovan\u00e9 do obdob\u00ed kolem roku 1031 p\u0159. n. l. Podle nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edho odhadu se sem dost\u00e1vali postupn\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu prvn\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. Jak se jim poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ekonat cestu ze severn\u00ed Afriky (zhruba 100 km), ani\u017e by po sob\u011b zanechali jak\u00e9koli doklady o lod\u00edch nebo znalostech plavby, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z velk\u00fdch z\u00e1had archeologie Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak \u017eili.<\/strong> Guan\u010dov\u00e9 \u017eili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jeskyn\u00edch a sope\u010dn\u00fdch rour\u00e1ch, i kdy\u017e byla nalezena i n\u011bkter\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b se such\u00fdmi kamenn\u00fdmi stavbami. Jejich hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed bylo zalo\u017eeno na chovu koz a ovc\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (je\u010dmen, p\u0161enice, fazole) a omezen\u00e9m rybolovu. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bli gofio (pra\u017eenou obilnou mouku, kter\u00e1 se dodnes konzumuje na Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrovech) a vyr\u00e1b\u011bli keramiku, kost\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a od\u011bvy z koz\u00edch k\u016f\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak byla jejich spole\u010dnost organizov\u00e1na.<\/strong> V dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edchodu \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f v roce 1494 \u017eilo na Tenerife odhadem 15 000 a\u017e 30 000 Guan\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli rozd\u011bleni do dev\u00edti menceyatos (kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed): Tegueste, Tacoronte, Taoro, Icod, Daute, Adeje, Abona a Guimar. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z nich vl\u00e1dl mencey (co\u017e je zhruba obdoba kr\u00e1le). T\u011bchto dev\u011bt diviz\u00ed zhruba odpov\u00edd\u00e1 oblastem dne\u0161n\u00edho Tenerife, kter\u00e9 dodnes nesou tato jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Guan\u010dov\u00e9 uct\u00edvali Mageca (boha slunce) a Chaxiraxi (bohyni matku, pozd\u011bji synkretizovanou s Pannou z Candelarie, patronkou Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f). Hora Teide byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za s\u00eddlo zl\u00e9ho ducha Guayota. Praktikovali mumifikaci, jej\u00ed\u017e techniky badatel\u00e9 p\u0159irovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed ke starov\u011bk\u00e9mu Egyptu. Na Tenerife bylo nalezeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 mumi\u00ed Guan\u010d\u016f, nejbohat\u0161\u00ed koncentrace je v Barranco de Herques.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Spanish_conquest_1494_to_1496\"><\/span>\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed (1494 a\u017e 1496)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17139\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip.webp\" alt=\"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed - Historie Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/The-Spanish-conquest-canaryvip-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f za\u010dalo v roce 1402, ale Tenerife se udr\u017eel d\u00e9le ne\u017e kter\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd ostrov. Prvn\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd pokus o dobyt\u00ed Tenerife p\u0159i\u0161el v roce 1464, v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let p\u0159ed jeho kone\u010dn\u00fdm p\u00e1dem.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1494 se Alonso Fernandez de Lugo (jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no najdete na cedul\u00edch po cel\u00e9m ostrov\u011b) vylodil na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00edho Santa Cruz s v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcovkou mu\u017e\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b kastilsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, Kan\u00e1rc\u016f z ji\u017e dobyt\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a j\u00edzdn\u00ed jednotky. \u010cty\u0159i z dev\u00edti guan\u010dsk\u00fdch mencey (Guimar, Adeje, Abona a Anaga) vyjednaly s \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouvy. Zbyl\u00fdch p\u011bt se odm\u00edtlo pod\u0159\u00eddit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prvn\u00ed bitva u Acentejo (31. kv\u011btna 1494).<\/strong> Kdy\u017e de Lugova vojska postupovala do vnitrozem\u00ed sm\u011brem k Taoro (dne\u0161n\u00ed Puerto de la Cruz a La Orotava), byla v rokli p\u0159epadena guan\u010dsk\u00fdmi bojovn\u00edky veden\u00fdmi Menceyem Bencomem a jeho nevlastn\u00edm bratrem Tinguarem. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 byli zni\u010deni a ztratili asi 80% sv\u00fdch sil. S\u00e1m de Lugo byl zran\u011bn a jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed vyv\u00e1zl. M\u00edsto t\u00e9to bitvy ozna\u010duje modern\u00ed m\u011bsto La Matanza de Acentejo (\u201cPor\u00e1\u017eka u Acentejo\u201d).<\/p>\n<p><strong>De Lug\u016fv n\u00e1vrat (1495).<\/strong> Po prodeji sv\u00fdch nemovitost\u00ed, aby mohl financovat nov\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, se de Lugo vr\u00e1til s 1 000 veter\u00e1ny granadsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a jezdectvem. V listopadu 1495 byli Guan\u010dov\u00e9 pora\u017eeni v bitv\u011b u Aguere (pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed La Laguny). Bencomo byl zabit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Druh\u00e1 bitva u Acentejo (25. prosince 1495).<\/strong> Guan\u010dov\u00e9, nyn\u00ed veden\u00ed Bencomov\u00fdm synem Bentorem a oslaben\u00ed epidemi\u00ed (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne\u0161tovicemi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesli \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9), byli pora\u017eeni pobl\u00ed\u017e stejn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta jako p\u0159i sv\u00e9m p\u0159edchoz\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Po t\u0159ech hodin\u00e1ch boje je p\u0159emohly \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 st\u0159eln\u00e9 zbran\u011b a j\u00edzda. Toto m\u00edsto ozna\u010duje modern\u00ed m\u011bsto La Victoria de Acentejo (\u201cV\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed u Acentejo\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>Dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo form\u00e1ln\u011b ukon\u010deno 25. \u010dervence 1496 smlouvou z Los Realejos v \u00fadol\u00ed Orotava. Bentor se \u00fadajn\u011b rad\u011bji vrhl ze sk\u00e1ly, ne\u017e aby se pod\u0159\u00eddil \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1d\u011b. Mnoho Guan\u010d\u016f bylo zotro\u010deno navzdory pape\u017esk\u00e9mu z\u00e1kazu obchodu s otroky na Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrovech z roku 1434. V roce 1511 byl vyd\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edkaz k propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech guan\u010dsk\u00fdch zajatc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika generac\u00ed se jazyk, kultura a identita Guan\u010d\u016f z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti za\u010dlenily do koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 populace. Jejich genetick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1: sou\u010dasn\u00ed Tinerfe\u00f1os maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd domorod\u00fd p\u016fvod.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colonial_Tenerife_16th_to_18th_century\"><\/span>Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed Tenerife (16. a\u017e 18. stolet\u00ed)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17136\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory.webp\" alt=\"\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed Tenerife Historie\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifecolonialhistory-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Po dobyt\u00ed se Tenerife rychle p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159elo. Prvn\u00edm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem se stalo San Cristobal de La Laguna, kter\u00e9 bylo rozvr\u017eeno podle pl\u00e1nu, jen\u017e se pozd\u011bji stal vzorem pro \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsta v Americe. Historick\u00e9 centrum La Laguny je dnes z\u010d\u00e1sti i z tohoto d\u016fvodu zaps\u00e1no na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a obchod.<\/strong> \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 vyk\u00e1celi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 plochy p\u016fvodn\u00edch borov\u00fdch les\u016f a vysadili cukrovou t\u0159tinu. Kdy\u017e se ceny cukru propadly, p\u0159e\u0161lo hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na v\u00edno (zejm\u00e9na sladkou malvazii, kter\u00e1 se proslavila po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a o n\u00ed\u017e se zmi\u0148uje i Shakespeare). Pozd\u011bji p\u0159ibyla ko\u0161enila (\u010derven\u00e9 barvivo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 z hmyzu), tab\u00e1k, raj\u010data a nakonec ban\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou dodnes hlavn\u00ed plodinou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Atlantick\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed cesty.<\/strong> Tenerife se d\u00edky sv\u00e9 poloze mezi Evropou, Afrikou a Amerikou stalo d\u016fle\u017eitou zast\u00e1vkou. Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus se na sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed cest\u011b do Ameriky v roce 1492 zastavil na sousedn\u00ed La Gome\u0159e. Kdy\u017e se Magellan v roce 1519 vydal na cestu kolem sv\u011bta, vybral si Tenerife jako zast\u00e1vku. Santa Cruz se stal v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavem spojuj\u00edc\u00edm \u0160pan\u011blsko s jeho americk\u00fdmi koloniemi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00datoky pir\u00e1t\u016f.<\/strong> Tento strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam p\u0159itahoval ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed pozornost. Od 16. stolet\u00ed hl\u00eddkovaly ve vod\u00e1ch mezi Azory a Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdmi ostrovy pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 flotily, kter\u00e9 p\u0159epad\u00e1valy lod\u011b a \u00fato\u010dily na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed osady. V dubnu 1657 za\u00fato\u010dil anglick\u00fd admir\u00e1l Robert Blake na \u0161pan\u011blskou flotilu s poklady u Santa Cruz a zni\u010dil ji.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Masov\u00e9 vyst\u011bhovalectv\u00ed do Ameriky.<\/strong> Od 17. stolet\u00ed emigrovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed Kan\u00e1rc\u016f do \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na do Venezuely, na Kubu a do Portorika. Toto spojen\u00ed je dodnes patrn\u00e9 ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00edch, stravovac\u00edch tradic\u00edch a charakteristick\u00e9m kan\u00e1rsk\u00e9m \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edzvuku, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00ed\u017ee ke karibsk\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b ne\u017e ke kastil\u0161tin\u011b na pevnin\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nelsons_failed_invasion_1797\"><\/span>Nelsonova ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 invaze (1797)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17135\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip.webp\" alt=\"Nelsonova ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 invaze: CanaryVIP Tenerife Historie\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Nelsons-failed-invasion-canaryvip-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dne 25. \u010dervence 1797 se britsk\u00fd kontraadmir\u00e1l Horatio Nelson pokusil se silou asi 900 mu\u017e\u016f dob\u00fdt Santa Cruz de Tenerife v nad\u011bji, \u017ee se zmocn\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 lodi s pokladem a z\u00edsk\u00e1 strategickou z\u00e1kladnu v Atlantiku. \u00datok skon\u010dil ne\u00fasp\u011bchem.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 s\u00edly pod veden\u00edm gener\u00e1la Antonia Gutierreze byly p\u0159ipraveny. \u00dazk\u00e9 uli\u010dky Santa Cruz obr\u00e1nc\u016fm p\u0159\u00e1ly a britsk\u00e9 v\u00fdsadky se setkaly s t\u011b\u017ekou d\u011blost\u0159eleckou a mu\u0161ketovou palbou. Nelson osobn\u011b vedl jeden z v\u00fdsadk\u016f, ale p\u0159i pokusu o vylod\u011bn\u00ed byl zasa\u017een do prav\u00e9 ruky. Je\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9 noci mu musela b\u00fdt ruka amputov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p>Britov\u00e9 byli nuceni se zna\u010dn\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami ustoupit. Gener\u00e1l Gutierrez p\u0159ed odchodem poslal pora\u017een\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m v\u00edno a chl\u00e9b, co\u017e bylo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 gesto. V Santa Cruz je dodnes vystaveno Nelsonovo d\u011blo El Tigre (d\u011blo, o n\u011bm\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee z n\u011bj padl v\u00fdst\u0159el, kter\u00fd ho zranil).<\/p>\n<p>Byla to jedna z m\u00e1la por\u00e1\u017eek v Nelsonov\u011b kari\u00e9\u0159e a v Santa Cruz je na ni m\u00edstn\u00ed hrd\u00fd. Tato ud\u00e1lost byla tak\u00e9 zlomov\u00fdm bodem pro Nelsona, kter\u00fd pak s jednou rukou zv\u00edt\u011bzil v bitv\u011b u Nilu a u Trafalgaru.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19th_and_20th_century_from_agriculture_to_tourism\"><\/span>19. a 20. stolet\u00ed: od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed k cestovn\u00edmu ruchu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17133\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife.webp\" alt=\"19. a 20. stolet\u00ed: od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed k cestovn\u00edmu ruchu\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/19thto20thtenerife-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V roce 1821 se Santa Cruz stalo prvn\u00edm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem cel\u00e9 provincie Kan\u00e1rsk\u00e9 ostrovy. To se nel\u00edbilo Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) a po v\u00edce ne\u017e sto letech soupe\u0159en\u00ed Madrid v roce 1927 rozd\u011blil souostrov\u00ed na dv\u011b provincie: Santa Cruz de Tenerife (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Tenerife, La Gomeru, La Palmu a El Hierro) a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Gran Canarii, Lanzarote a Fuerteventuru). Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes a ob\u011b hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsta jsou st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b s\u00eddly vl\u00e1dy Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ban\u00e1nov\u00e1 ekonomika.<\/strong> Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed se na Tenerife roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ban\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnilo zem\u011bd\u011blskou krajinu. Britsk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zalo\u017eily podniky na v\u00fdvoz ban\u00e1n\u016f a charakteristick\u00e9 mal\u00e9 kan\u00e1rsk\u00e9 ban\u00e1ny (odli\u0161n\u00e9 od v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch odr\u016fd p\u011bstovan\u00fdch ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe) se staly hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00ed plodinou ostrova. Ban\u00e1nov\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee dodnes pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st severn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ran\u00fd cestovn\u00ed ruch.<\/strong> Tenerife za\u010dalo p\u0159itahovat n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky koncem 19. stolet\u00ed, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku bohat\u00e9 Evropany ze severu, kter\u00e9 sem p\u0159itahovalo m\u00edrn\u00e9 klima ze zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Prvn\u00ed rekrea\u010dn\u00ed oblast\u00ed se stalo Puerto de la Cruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Masov\u00e1 turistika.<\/strong> Skute\u010dn\u00e1 prom\u011bna nastala v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy bylo na jihu vybudov\u00e1no leti\u0161t\u011b Reina Sofia a na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Playa de las Americas a Los Cristianos byly postaveny velk\u00e9 hotely. B\u011bhem dvou desetilet\u00ed nahradil cestovn\u00ed ruch zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou \u010dinnost ostrova. Dnes Tenerife ro\u010dn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 milion\u016f n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kan\u00e1rsk\u00fd ostrov.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenerife_today\"><\/span>Tenerife dnes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17134\" src=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow.webp\" alt=\"Tenerife dnes: Historie Tenerife\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow.webp 1376w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/tenerifenow-600x335.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tenerife je autonomn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed \u0160pan\u011blska s vlastn\u00ed ostrovn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou (Cabildo). Po\u010det obyvatel se pohybuje kolem 950 000, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ostrov Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ostrov \u0160pan\u011blska. Hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Santa Cruz de Tenerife.<\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem je \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina. Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edzvuk a slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba jsou odli\u0161n\u00e9 od pevninsk\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny, ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 portugal\u0161tinou, jazykem Guan\u010d\u016f a latinskoamerickou \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou (v d\u016fsledku stalet\u00ed emigrace a n\u00e1vrat\u016f).<\/p>\n<p>Ekonomika je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zalo\u017eena na cestovn\u00edm ruchu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e slu\u017eby tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 75% HDP. Zbytek tvo\u0159\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (ban\u00e1ny, raj\u010data, brambory, v\u00edno) a stavebnictv\u00ed. Ostrov je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed EU, ale m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ekonomickou z\u00f3nu s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi dan\u011bmi ne\u017e pevninsk\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsko (IGIC m\u00edsto IVA, v sou\u010dasnosti 7%).<\/p>\n<p>D\u011bdictv\u00ed Guan\u010d\u016f je st\u00e1le patrn\u00e9 v n\u00e1zvech m\u00edst (Tacoronte, Tegueste, Adeje, Guimar, Icod, Anaga), v gofio (kter\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed Kan\u00e1rci st\u00e1le jed\u00ed denn\u011b), v lucha canaria (kan\u00e1rsk\u00fd z\u00e1pas, tradi\u010dn\u00ed sport) a v p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fact\u011b k Virgen de Candelaria, patronce Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u016fvod sah\u00e1 a\u017e ke guan\u010dsk\u00e9 bohyni Chaxiraxi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_see_Tenerifes_history\"><\/span>Kde se sezn\u00e1mit s histori\u00ed Tenerife<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Museo de Naturaleza y Arqueologia (MUNA).<\/strong> V Santa Cruz. Hlavn\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 muzeum na Tenerife. Ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 guan\u010dsk\u00e9 mumie, n\u00e1stroje, keramiku a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 expon\u00e1ty o p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historick\u00e9 centrum La Laguny.<\/strong> Pam\u00e1tka sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. M\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se stalo vzorem pro \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsta. Pod\u00edvejte se na na\u0161e <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/exploring-la-laguna-tenerife\/\"><strong>Pr\u016fvodce La Lagunou<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Piramides de Guimar.<\/strong> \u0160est stup\u0148ovit\u00fdch pyramid v Guimaru s muzeem, kter\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1 jejich mo\u017en\u00e9 souvislosti s p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi kulturami. M\u00edsto zkoumal norsk\u00fd badatel Thor Heyerdahl.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Castillo de San Cristobal.<\/strong> Zbytky pevnosti v Santa Cruz, kde se \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 br\u00e1nili Nelsonovu \u00fatoku. Nedaleko je vystaveno d\u011blo El Tigre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cueva de los Guanches.<\/strong> V Icod de los Vinos, jednom z nejstar\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 na ostrov\u011b, s doklady os\u00eddlen\u00ed od 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La Matanza a La Victoria de Acentejo.<\/strong> Dv\u011b m\u011bsta, jejich\u017e n\u00e1zvy doslova zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed dv\u011b bitvy \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201cPor\u00e1\u017eka\u201d a \u201cV\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Explore_Tenerife_with_CanaryVIP\"><\/span>Prozkoumejte Tenerife s CanaryVIP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Za historick\u00fdm severem Tenerife (La Laguna, La Orotava, Icod de los Vinos, Garachico), <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/tenerife\/guided-tours\/bus-tours\/\"><strong>Autobusov\u00e9 z\u00e1jezdy s pr\u016fvodcem CanaryVIP<\/strong><\/a> zahrnuj\u00ed tyto zast\u00e1vky s vyzvednut\u00edm v hotelu z jihu. Vulkanick\u00e9 krajiny, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ely historii ostrova, si prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/shop\/teide-guided-bus-tour\/\"><strong>Prohl\u00eddka Teide s pr\u016fvodcem<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/tenerife\/\">Proch\u00e1zet v\u0161echny v\u00fdlety na Tenerife<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 2,000-year story in seven chapters Tenerife has a history that goes back more than two thousand years before the first tourist stepped off a plane. The island was home to an indigenous people who lived in isolation for over a millennium, fought one of the fiercest resistance campaigns against Spanish conquest in the 15th&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-and-history"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11170"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17142,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11170\/revisions\/17142"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canaryvip.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}